Thanks for reading Scientific American. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. 2. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. 318 0 obj <>stream Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. %PDF-1.5 % The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Total: 129 a. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. a. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Thanks for reading Scientific American. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. hb```lRB Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. endstream endobj startxref Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. a. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Most African . Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. 255 0 obj <> endobj Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. v0E H+1Q` d In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. 0 hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. 316 0 obj <>stream Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. endstream endobj startxref The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. %PDF-1.6 % The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. 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